Face - Non-Melanoma Malignant Neoplasm of the Skin — example DVA determination letter

Reference Determination Content

Suggested draft · fictitious patient

Example document — fictitious patient. This is a suggested draft determination prepared by the Veterans Health Centre from the matching example Diagnostic Assessment, to show how a DVA delegate could determine the claim. The veteran is fictitious: names, dates, service details and clinicians have been invented. It is not a decision of the Department of Veterans' Affairs and must not be relied upon as a record of any real claim.

Face - Non-Melanoma Malignant Neoplasm of the Skin

Evidence

The evidence that I have considered in making this decision includes:

Formal Claim with supporting statements;
A Statement of your Service from the Department of Defence;
Copies of your Service Medical Records.
A Diagnostic Assessment by Dr Thomas Perkins, General Practitioner, Veterans Health Centre, dated 14 July 2025;
A Diagnosis Form (D9287) by Dr Thomas Perkins, General Practitioner, Veterans Health Centre, dated 14 July 2025;
A repatriation medical examination by the medical officer, dated 14 March 1946;
A dermatology consultation by the dermatologist, dated 15 May 1992;
A transplant operation report by the transplant surgeon, dated 12 June 1995;
A radiation oncology treatment summary by the radiation oncologist, dated 21 March 2005;
A CT facial bones report by the radiologist, dated 14 September 2012;
A haematology consultation by the haematologist, dated 18 October 2016;
A skin examination record by the general practitioner, dated 10 March 2023;
Histopathology reports by the pathologist, dated 2 October 2023;
An occupational exposure assessment by the occupational hygienist, dated 4 December 2023;
An MRI report and plastic surgery consultation by the radiologist and plastic surgeon, dated 18 March 2024.

Your service

I have identified that you have the following service:
Australian Defence Force service between :

10 July 1941 and 1 March 1978

Face - Non-Melanoma Malignant Neoplasm of the Skin

You have stated that your condition was caused by:

being a prisoner of war of Japan before clinical onset
having sunlight exposure to unprotected skin for a cumulative period of at least 2,250 latitude equivalent hours before clinical onset
having at least 5 sunburns at the affected site at least 2 years before clinical onset
having ultraviolet radiation exposure from an ultraviolet-emitting tanning device (excluding sunlamps) on at least 10 occasions at the affected site before clinical onset, at least 2 years before clinical onset
having received a burn from an electric welding device on at least 10 occasions at the affected site, at least 10 years before clinical onset
having PUVA therapy, where: the first PUVA treatment commenced at least 5 years before clinical onset; and
having PUVA therapy, where: at least 50 PUVA treatments were administered before clinical onset
having received a cumulative equivalent dose of at least 0.1 sievert of ionising radiation to the affected site at least 10 years before clinical onset
undergoing a course of radiotherapy for cancer at the affected site, at least 5 years before clinical onset
undergoing a course of radiotherapy for acne at the affected site, at least 5 years before clinical onset
being infected by the same human papillomavirus type 16, 18 or 33 for at least 2 consecutive years before clinical onset of squamous cell carcinoma of the penis, vulva or perianal skin
being infected with human immunodeficiency virus before clinical onset
undergoing solid organ (excluding corneal transplant) or bone marrow transplantation at least 5 years before clinical onset
taking one of the following medications within the 10 years before clinical onset: acalabrutinib
taking one of the following medications within the 10 years before clinical onset: azathioprine
taking one of the following medications within the 10 years before clinical onset: ciclosporin
taking one of the following medications within the 10 years before clinical onset: elotuzumab
taking one of the following medications within the 10 years before clinical onset: fingolimod
taking one of the following medications within the 10 years before clinical onset: hydroxycarbimide (hydroxyurea)
taking one of the following medications within the 10 years before clinical onset: ibrutinib
taking one of the following medications within the 10 years before clinical onset: methotrexate
taking one of the following medications within the 10 years before clinical onset: mycophenolate
taking one of the following medications within the 10 years before clinical onset: ruxolitinib
taking one of the following medications within the 10 years before clinical onset: siponimod
taking one of the following medications within the 10 years before clinical onset: sirolimus
taking one of the following medications within the 10 years before clinical onset: tacrolimus
taking one of the following medications within the 10 years before clinical onset: tofacitinib
taking one of the following medications within the 10 years before clinical onset: upadacitinib
taking one of the following medications within the 10 years before clinical onset: ustekinumab
taking one of the following medications within the 10 years before clinical onset: zanubrutinib
taking one of the following medications within the 10 years before clinical onset: tumour necrosis factor-α inhibitors adalimumab, certolizumab, etanercept, golimumab, or infliximab; or
taking one of the following medications within the 10 years before clinical onset: BRAF kinase inhibitors dabrafenib, encorafenib, vemurafenib
taking ripretinib within the 10 years before clinical onset of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin
taking ozanimod or ponesimod within the 10 years before clinical onset of basal cell carcinoma of the skin
taking voriconazole continuously for at least 3 months, at least 6 months before clinical onset of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin
taking a cumulative dose of at least 25 g of hydrochlorothiazide, at least 6 months before clinical onset of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin
taking a cumulative dose of at least 50 g of hydrochlorothiazide, at least 6 months before clinical onset of basal cell carcinoma of the skin
having autoimmune hepatitis at the time of clinical onset
having inflammatory bowel disease at the time of clinical onset
having psoriasis at the time of clinical onset
having rheumatoid arthritis at the time of clinical onset
having sarcoidosis at the time of clinical onset
having chronic osteomyelitis with a sinus tract draining to the affected skin site at least 2 years before clinical onset
having non-Hodgkin lymphoma before clinical onset
having mature B-cell lymphoid leukaemia and small lymphocytic lymphoma before clinical onset
having phimosis for a continuous period of at least 2 years before clinical onset of squamous cell carcinoma of the glans penis or prepuce of the penis
having a scar at the affected site at least 5 years before clinical onset
having ulceration at the affected site for a cumulative period of at least 6 months, at least 5 years before clinical onset
having lichen sclerosus at the affected site, at least 5 years before clinical onset of squamous cell carcinoma of the penis, vulva or perianal skin
having hidradenitis suppurativa at the affected site, at least 5 years before clinical onset of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin
having chronic lymphoedema at the affected site, at least 5 years before clinical onset of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin
smoking at least 15 cigarettes per day for at least 5 years, or the equivalent thereof in other tobacco products, at least 5 years before clinical onset of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, and where smoking has ceased, clinical onset occurred within 20 years of cessation
being exposed to arsenic as detailed below, at least 10 years before clinical onset; consuming arsenic containing compounds (for example, Fowler's solution) for a cumulative period of at least 3 months; or
being exposed to arsenic as detailed below, at least 10 years before clinical onset; consuming drinking water with an average arsenic concentration of at least 50 micrograms per litre for a cumulative period of at least 2 years; or
being exposed to arsenic as detailed below, at least 10 years before clinical onset; inhaling, ingesting or having cutaneous contact with a pesticide containing arsenic, or arsenic in copper smelting operations, for a cumulative period of at least 1,000 hours; or
being exposed to arsenic as detailed below, at least 10 years before clinical onset; having clinical evidence of chronic arsenic toxicity
having cutaneous contact at the affected site with coal-tar distillate, for a cumulative period of at least 1,500 hours, at least 5 years before clinical onset
having cutaneous contact at the affected site with one of the following polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, for a cumulative period of at least 1,500 hours, at least 5 years before clinical onset of non-melanoma malignant neoplasm of the scrotal skin; creosote
having cutaneous contact at the affected site with one of the following polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, for a cumulative period of at least 1,500 hours, at least 5 years before clinical onset of non-melanoma malignant neoplasm of the scrotal skin; shale oil
having cutaneous contact at the affected site with one of the following polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, for a cumulative period of at least 1,500 hours, at least 5 years before clinical onset of non-melanoma malignant neoplasm of the scrotal skin; soot
having cutaneous contact at the affected site with one of the following polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, for a cumulative period of at least 1,500 hours, at least 5 years before clinical onset of non-melanoma malignant neoplasm of the scrotal skin; mineral oil

Diagnosis: Non-Melanoma Malignant Neoplasm of the Skin

Basis of diagnosis: The diagnosis was made in the Diagnostic Assessment by Dr Thomas Perkins dated 14 July 2025, and is supported by histopathology reports by the pathologist, dated 2 October 2023.

I am satisfied this is the appropriate diagnosis.
In determining your claim for this condition, I have applied the SOP:

Statement of Principles concerning Non-Melanoma Malignant Neoplasm of the Skin (Reasonable Hypothesis) (No. 78 of 2024)

which sets out the factors that can connect the condition with service.

I am satisfied that you have met the following factor:

being a prisoner of war of Japan before clinical onset
having sunlight exposure to unprotected skin for a cumulative period of at least 2,250 latitude equivalent hours before clinical onset
having at least 5 sunburns at the affected site at least 2 years before clinical onset
having ultraviolet radiation exposure from an ultraviolet-emitting tanning device (excluding sunlamps) on at least 10 occasions at the affected site before clinical onset, at least 2 years before clinical onset
having received a burn from an electric welding device on at least 10 occasions at the affected site, at least 10 years before clinical onset
having PUVA therapy, where: the first PUVA treatment commenced at least 5 years before clinical onset; and
having PUVA therapy, where: at least 50 PUVA treatments were administered before clinical onset
having received a cumulative equivalent dose of at least 0.1 sievert of ionising radiation to the affected site at least 10 years before clinical onset
undergoing a course of radiotherapy for cancer at the affected site, at least 5 years before clinical onset
undergoing a course of radiotherapy for acne at the affected site, at least 5 years before clinical onset
being infected by the same human papillomavirus type 16, 18 or 33 for at least 2 consecutive years before clinical onset of squamous cell carcinoma of the penis, vulva or perianal skin
being infected with human immunodeficiency virus before clinical onset
undergoing solid organ (excluding corneal transplant) or bone marrow transplantation at least 5 years before clinical onset
taking one of the following medications within the 10 years before clinical onset: acalabrutinib
taking one of the following medications within the 10 years before clinical onset: azathioprine
taking one of the following medications within the 10 years before clinical onset: ciclosporin
taking one of the following medications within the 10 years before clinical onset: elotuzumab
taking one of the following medications within the 10 years before clinical onset: fingolimod
taking one of the following medications within the 10 years before clinical onset: hydroxycarbimide (hydroxyurea)
taking one of the following medications within the 10 years before clinical onset: ibrutinib
taking one of the following medications within the 10 years before clinical onset: methotrexate
taking one of the following medications within the 10 years before clinical onset: mycophenolate
taking one of the following medications within the 10 years before clinical onset: ruxolitinib
taking one of the following medications within the 10 years before clinical onset: siponimod
taking one of the following medications within the 10 years before clinical onset: sirolimus
taking one of the following medications within the 10 years before clinical onset: tacrolimus
taking one of the following medications within the 10 years before clinical onset: tofacitinib
taking one of the following medications within the 10 years before clinical onset: upadacitinib
taking one of the following medications within the 10 years before clinical onset: ustekinumab
taking one of the following medications within the 10 years before clinical onset: zanubrutinib
taking one of the following medications within the 10 years before clinical onset: tumour necrosis factor-α inhibitors adalimumab, certolizumab, etanercept, golimumab, or infliximab; or
taking one of the following medications within the 10 years before clinical onset: BRAF kinase inhibitors dabrafenib, encorafenib, vemurafenib
taking ripretinib within the 10 years before clinical onset of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin
taking ozanimod or ponesimod within the 10 years before clinical onset of basal cell carcinoma of the skin
taking voriconazole continuously for at least 3 months, at least 6 months before clinical onset of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin
taking a cumulative dose of at least 25 g of hydrochlorothiazide, at least 6 months before clinical onset of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin
taking a cumulative dose of at least 50 g of hydrochlorothiazide, at least 6 months before clinical onset of basal cell carcinoma of the skin
having autoimmune hepatitis at the time of clinical onset
having inflammatory bowel disease at the time of clinical onset
having psoriasis at the time of clinical onset
having rheumatoid arthritis at the time of clinical onset
having sarcoidosis at the time of clinical onset
having chronic osteomyelitis with a sinus tract draining to the affected skin site at least 2 years before clinical onset
having non-Hodgkin lymphoma before clinical onset
having mature B-cell lymphoid leukaemia and small lymphocytic lymphoma before clinical onset
having phimosis for a continuous period of at least 2 years before clinical onset of squamous cell carcinoma of the glans penis or prepuce of the penis
having a scar at the affected site at least 5 years before clinical onset
having ulceration at the affected site for a cumulative period of at least 6 months, at least 5 years before clinical onset
having lichen sclerosus at the affected site, at least 5 years before clinical onset of squamous cell carcinoma of the penis, vulva or perianal skin
having hidradenitis suppurativa at the affected site, at least 5 years before clinical onset of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin
having chronic lymphoedema at the affected site, at least 5 years before clinical onset of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin
smoking at least 15 cigarettes per day for at least 5 years, or the equivalent thereof in other tobacco products, at least 5 years before clinical onset of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, and where smoking has ceased, clinical onset occurred within 20 years of cessation
being exposed to arsenic as detailed below, at least 10 years before clinical onset; consuming arsenic containing compounds (for example, Fowler's solution) for a cumulative period of at least 3 months; or
being exposed to arsenic as detailed below, at least 10 years before clinical onset; consuming drinking water with an average arsenic concentration of at least 50 micrograms per litre for a cumulative period of at least 2 years; or
being exposed to arsenic as detailed below, at least 10 years before clinical onset; inhaling, ingesting or having cutaneous contact with a pesticide containing arsenic, or arsenic in copper smelting operations, for a cumulative period of at least 1,000 hours; or
being exposed to arsenic as detailed below, at least 10 years before clinical onset; having clinical evidence of chronic arsenic toxicity
having cutaneous contact at the affected site with coal-tar distillate, for a cumulative period of at least 1,500 hours, at least 5 years before clinical onset
having cutaneous contact at the affected site with one of the following polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, for a cumulative period of at least 1,500 hours, at least 5 years before clinical onset of non-melanoma malignant neoplasm of the scrotal skin; creosote
having cutaneous contact at the affected site with one of the following polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, for a cumulative period of at least 1,500 hours, at least 5 years before clinical onset of non-melanoma malignant neoplasm of the scrotal skin; shale oil
having cutaneous contact at the affected site with one of the following polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, for a cumulative period of at least 1,500 hours, at least 5 years before clinical onset of non-melanoma malignant neoplasm of the scrotal skin; soot
having cutaneous contact at the affected site with one of the following polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, for a cumulative period of at least 1,500 hours, at least 5 years before clinical onset of non-melanoma malignant neoplasm of the scrotal skin; mineral oil

I have noted your contention as to the cause of this condition. The available evidence indicates, I have noted your contention to the cause of your condition. Your service medical records indicate that you presented to the health facility with a rapidly enlarging, crusted, tender and bleeding nodule in the scar on your left cheek, and a slowly growing pearly lesion on the left side of your nose on 2 October 2023.

The diagnosis was confirmed on histopathology of biopsies taken on 2 October 2023: an invasive, well-differentiated keratinising squamous cell carcinoma of the left cheek arising in scarred, sun-damaged skin, and a nodular basal cell carcinoma of the left nasal ala. Both meet the Statement of Principles definition of non-melanoma malignant neoplasm of the skin.

This has then led to further investigations and the diagnosis of your condition of Non-Melanoma Malignant Neoplasm of the Skin. I have accepted your condition of Non-Melanoma Malignant Neoplasm of the Skin.

Having considered your service records and the available medical evidence, I am satisfied the SOP is met and that this condition is related to your wartime service.

I have therefore accepted that this condition is related to your service with effect from 14 September 2023.

Face - Non-Melanoma Malignant Neoplasm of the Skin (Worsening)

Evidence

The evidence that I have considered in making this decision includes:

Formal Claim with supporting statements;
A Statement of your Service from the Department of Defence;
Copies of your Service Medical Records.
A Diagnostic Assessment by Dr Thomas Perkins, General Practitioner, Veterans Health Centre, dated 14 July 2025;
A Diagnosis Form (D9287) by Dr Thomas Perkins, General Practitioner, Veterans Health Centre, dated 14 July 2025;
A repatriation medical examination by the medical officer, dated 14 March 1946;
A dermatology consultation by the dermatologist, dated 15 May 1992;
A transplant operation report by the transplant surgeon, dated 12 June 1995;
A radiation oncology treatment summary by the radiation oncologist, dated 21 March 2005;
A CT facial bones report by the radiologist, dated 14 September 2012;
A haematology consultation by the haematologist, dated 18 October 2016;
A skin examination record by the general practitioner, dated 10 March 2023;
Histopathology reports by the pathologist, dated 2 October 2023;
An occupational exposure assessment by the occupational hygienist, dated 4 December 2023;
An MRI report and plastic surgery consultation by the radiologist and plastic surgeon, dated 18 March 2024.

Your service

I have identified that you have the following service:
Australian Defence Force service between :

10 July 1941 and 1 March 1978

Face - Non-Melanoma Malignant Neoplasm of the Skin (Worsening)

You have stated that the worsening of your condition was caused by:

inability to obtain appropriate clinical management for non-melanoma malignant neoplasm of the skin before clinical worsening

Diagnosis: Non-Melanoma Malignant Neoplasm of the Skin (Worsening)

I am satisfied this is the appropriate diagnosis.
In determining your claim for this condition, I have applied the SOP:

Statement of Principles concerning Non-Melanoma Malignant Neoplasm of the Skin (Reasonable Hypothesis) (No. 78 of 2024)

which sets out the factors that can connect the condition with service.

I am satisfied that you have met the following factor:

inability to obtain appropriate clinical management for non-melanoma malignant neoplasm of the skin before clinical worsening

After the condition arose, it was worsened during your service. The squamous cell carcinoma of the left cheek was diagnosed on biopsy on 2 October 2023 and wide excision was recommended urgently.

This has then led to further investigations and the diagnosis of your condition of Non-Melanoma Malignant Neoplasm of the Skin (Worsening). I have accepted your condition of Non-Melanoma Malignant Neoplasm of the Skin (Worsening).

Having considered your service records and the available medical evidence, I am satisfied the SOP is met and that the worsening of this condition is related to your wartime service.

I have therefore accepted that the worsening of this condition is related to your service with effect from 14 September 2023.

Face - Non-Melanoma Malignant Neoplasm of the Skin — example determination letter

See the letter exactly as it is delivered

Reference Determination Content

Face - Non-Melanoma Malignant Neoplasm of the Skin

Evidence

Your service

Face - Non-Melanoma Malignant Neoplasm of the Skin

Face - Non-Melanoma Malignant Neoplasm of the Skin (Worsening)

Evidence

Your service

Face - Non-Melanoma Malignant Neoplasm of the Skin (Worsening)