Malignant neoplasm of the urethra
Meaning of malignant neoplasm of the urethra: For the purposes of this Statement of Principles, malignant neoplasm of the urethra: (a) means a primary malignant neoplasm arising from the epithelial cells lining the urethra; and (b) includes: (i) adenocarcinoma of the urethra; (ii) carcinoma in situ of the urethra; (iii) clear cell adenocarcinoma of the urethra; (iv) malignant neoplasms of the urethral accessory glands; (v) squamous cell carcinoma of the urethra; (vi) urothelial cell carcinoma of the urethra; (vii) urethral diverticular carcinoma; (viii) primary melanoma of the urethra; and (c) excludes: (i) carcinoid tumours; (ii) haematolymphoid tumours including non-Hodgkin lymphoma and Hodgkin lymphoma; (iii) malignant neoplasm of the urethral orifice of the bladder; (iv) metastatic cancer from other primary sites including bladder, ureter and renal pelvis; (v) soft tissue sarcoma. (3) While malignant neoplasm of the urethra attracts ICD-10-AM code C68.0 and C68.1, in applying this Statement of Principles the meaning of malignant neoplasm of the urethra is that given in subsection (2). (4) For subsection (3), a reference to an ICD-10-AM code is a reference to the code assigned to a particular kind of injury or disease in Th
Balance of Probabilities (BoP) — Statement of Principles No. 20 of 2025
4 factors
At least one of the following factors must exist before it can be said that, on the balance of probabilities, malignant neoplasm of the urethra or death from malignant neoplasm of the urethra is connected with the circumstances of a person's relevant service:
- (1)for squamous cell or mixed squamous and urothelial cell carcinomas only, having infection of the urethra with human papilloma virus (HPV) types 16 or 18 before clinical onset;
- (2)having received a cumulative equivalent dose of at least 0.5 sieverts of ionising radiation to the affected site at least 10 years before clinical onset;
Note: cumulative equivalent dose is defined in the Schedule 1 - Dictionary.
- (3)having a urethral diverticulum at the time of clinical onset;
Note: Urethral diverticulum can be acquired and has been associated with infection of the periurethral glands, urethral trauma (e.g. during vaginal delivery), urethral dilatation or catheterisation, and a history of vaginal or urethral surgery (often for stress incontinence).
- (4)inability to obtain appropriate clinical management for malignant neoplasm of the urethra before clinical worsening;
Aggravation-only factors: the factors in subsection 9(4) apply only to material contribution to, or aggravation of, the condition where it was suffered or contracted before or during (but did not arise out of) the person’s relevant service.
