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Statement of Principles

Thoracolumbar spondylosis — DVA SoP factors

Every factor in the Repatriation Medical Authority Statements of Principles for Thoracolumbar spondylosis. DVA can only accept a claim for Thoracolumbar spondylosis if at least one of these factors is met and connected to your service. Reasonable Hypothesis (RH) applies to operational service; Balance of Probabilities (BoP) applies to peacetime service.

Source: Repatriation Medical Authority Statements of Principles as held by the Veterans Health Centre. SoPs are amended and replaced regularly; always confirm the current instrument at rma.gov.au before relying on it.

Thoracolumbar spondylosis

RH No. 13 of 2023 · BoP No. 14 of 202370 factors

Reasonable Hypothesis (RH) — Statement of Principles No. 13 of 2023

At least one of the following factors must as a minimum exist before it can be said that a reasonable hypothesis has been raised connecting thoracolumbar spondylosis or death from thoracolumbar spondylosis with the circumstances of a person's relevant service:

  1. (1)
    being a prisoner of war before the clinical onset of thoracolumbar spondylosis;
  2. (2)
    having an inflammatory joint disease from the specified list of inflammatory joint diseases, in the thoracolumbar spine before the clinical onset of thoracolumbar spondylosis;

    Note: specified list of inflammatory joint diseases is defined in the Schedule 1 - Dictionary.

  3. (3)
    having non-viral infection of the affected joint, resulting in inflammation within that joint, at least 6 months before the clinical onset of thoracolumbar spondylosis;
  4. (4)
    having an intra-articular fracture of the spine, at the level of, or adjacent to, the affected joint, at least 6 months before the clinical onset of thoracolumbar spondylosis;
  5. (5)
    having a spinal condition from the specified list of spinal conditions, affecting the thoracolumbar spine for at least the 6 months before the clinical onset of thoracolumbar spondylosis;

    Note: specified list of spinal conditions is defined in the Schedule 1 - Dictionary.

  6. (6)
    for lumbar spondylosis only, having a kyphotic abnormality or lordotic abnormality affecting the lumbar spine for at least the 6 months before the clinical onset of thoracolumbar spondylosis;

    Note: kyphotic abnormality and lordotic abnormality are defined in the Schedule 1 - Dictionary.

  7. (7)
    having undergone a spinal fusion, immediately above or below the affected joint, at least 6 months before the clinical onset of thoracolumbar spondylosis;

    Note: spinal fusion is defined in the Schedule 1 - Dictionary.

  8. (8)
    for lumbar spondylosis only, having leg length inequality for at least the 2 years before the clinical onset of thoracolumbar spondylosis;

    Note: leg length inequality is defined in the Schedule 1 - Dictionary.

  9. (9)
    having a depositional joint disease from the specified list of depositional joint diseases, in the thoracolumbar spine before the clinical onset of thoracolumbar spondylosis;

    Note: specified list of depositional joint diseases is defined in the Schedule 1 - Dictionary.

  10. (10)
    having trauma to the thoracolumbar spine at least 6 months before the clinical onset of thoracolumbar spondylosis, and where the trauma to the thoracolumbar spine occurred within the 20 years before the clinical onset of thoracolumbar spondylosis;

    Note: trauma to the thoracolumbar spine is defined in the Schedule 1 - Dictionary.

  11. (11)
    having a penetrating injury to an intervertebral disc before the clinical onset of thoracolumbar spondylosis at the level of, or adjacent to, the intervertebral disc injury;

    Note: penetrating injury to an intervertebral disc is defined in the Schedule 1 - Dictionary.

  12. (12)
    having a thoracolumbar intervertebral disc prolapse at least 6 months before the clinical onset of thoracolumbar spondylosis at the level of the intervertebral disc prolapse;
  13. (13)
    lifting loads of at least 20 kilograms while bearing the weight through the thoracolumbar spine to a cumulative total of at least 100,000 kilograms within any 10 year period before the clinical onset of thoracolumbar spondylosis;
  14. (14)
    carrying loads of at least 20 kilograms while bearing the weight through the thoracolumbar spine to a cumulative total of at least 3,800 hours within any 10 year period before the clinical onset of thoracolumbar spondylosis;
  15. (15)
    for lumbar spondylosis only, flying in an engine powered aircraft as operational aircrew, for a cumulative total of at least 1,000 hours within the 25 years before the clinical onset of thoracolumbar spondylosis;
  16. (16)
    being obese for at least 10 years before the clinical onset of thoracolumbar spondylosis;

    Note: being obese is defined in the Schedule 1 - Dictionary.

  17. (17)
    having acromegaly involving the thoracolumbar spine before the clinical onset of thoracolumbar spondylosis;

    Note: acromegaly is defined in the Schedule 1 - Dictionary.

  18. (18)
    having Paget's disease of bone involving the thoracolumbar spine before the clinical onset of thoracolumbar spondylosis;
  19. (19)
    being a prisoner of war before the clinical worsening of thoracolumbar spondylosis;
  20. (20)
    having an inflammatory joint disease from the specified list of inflammatory joint diseases, in the thoracolumbar spine before the clinical worsening of thoracolumbar spondylosis;

    Note: specified list of inflammatory joint diseases is defined in the Schedule 1 - Dictionary.

  21. (21)
    having non-viral infection of the affected joint, resulting in inflammation within that joint, at least 6 months before the clinical worsening of thoracolumbar spondylosis;
  22. (22)
    having an intra-articular fracture of the spine, at the level of, or adjacent to, the affected joint, at least 6 months before the clinical worsening of thoracolumbar spondylosis;
  23. (23)
    having a spinal condition from the specified list of spinal conditions, affecting the thoracolumbar spine for at least the 6 months before the clinical worsening of thoracolumbar spondylosis;

    Note: specified list of spinal conditions is defined in the Schedule 1 - Dictionary.

  24. (24)
    for lumbar spondylosis only, having a kyphotic abnormality or lordotic abnormality affecting the lumbar spine for at least the 6 months before the clinical worsening of thoracolumbar spondylosis;

    Note: kyphotic abnormality and lordotic abnormality are defined in the Schedule 1 - Dictionary.

  25. (25)
    having undergone a spinal fusion, immediately above or below the affected joint, at least 6 months before the clinical worsening of thoracolumbar spondylosis;

    Note: spinal fusion is defined in the Schedule 1 - Dictionary.

  26. (26)
    for lumbar spondylosis only, having leg length inequality for at least the 2 years before the clinical worsening of thoracolumbar spondylosis;

    Note: leg length inequality is defined in the Schedule 1 - Dictionary.

  27. (27)
    having a depositional joint disease from the specified list of depositional joint diseases, in the thoracolumbar spine before the clinical worsening of thoracolumbar spondylosis;

    Note: specified list of depositional joint diseases is defined in the Schedule 1 - Dictionary.

  28. (28)
    having trauma to the thoracolumbar spine at least 6 months before the clinical worsening of thoracolumbar spondylosis, and where the trauma to the thoracolumbar spine occurred within the 20 years before the clinical worsening of thoracolumbar spondylosis;

    Note: trauma to the thoracolumbar spine is defined in the Schedule 1 - Dictionary.

  29. (29)
    having a penetrating injury to an intervertebral disc before the clinical worsening of thoracolumbar spondylosis at the level of, or adjacent to, the intervertebral disc injury;

    Note: penetrating injury to an intervertebral disc is defined in the Schedule 1 - Dictionary.

  30. (30)
    having a thoracolumbar intervertebral disc prolapse at least 6 months before the clinical worsening of thoracolumbar spondylosis at the level of the intervertebral disc prolapse;
  31. (31)
    lifting loads of at least 20 kilograms while bearing the weight through the thoracolumbar spine to a cumulative total of at least 100,000 kilograms within any 10 year period before the clinical worsening of thoracolumbar spondylosis;
  32. (32)
    carrying loads of at least 20 kilograms while bearing the weight through the thoracolumbar spine to a cumulative total of at least 3,800 hours within any 10 year period before the clinical worsening of thoracolumbar spondylosis;
  33. (33)
    for lumbar spondylosis only, flying in an engine powered aircraft as operational aircrew, for a cumulative total of at least 1,000 hours within the 25 years before the clinical worsening of thoracolumbar spondylosis;
  34. (34)
    being obese for at least 10 years before the clinical worsening of thoracolumbar spondylosis;

    Note: being obese is defined in the Schedule 1 - Dictionary.

  35. (35)
    having acromegaly involving the thoracolumbar spine before the clinical worsening of thoracolumbar spondylosis;

    Note: acromegaly is defined in the Schedule 1 - Dictionary.

  36. (36)
    having Paget's disease of bone involving the thoracolumbar spine before the clinical worsening of thoracolumbar spondylosis;
  37. (37)
    inability to obtain appropriate clinical management for thoracolumbar spondylosis;

Aggravation-only factors: the factors in subsections 9(19) to 9(37) apply only to material contribution to, or aggravation of, the condition where it was suffered or contracted before or during (but did not arise out of) the person’s relevant service.

Balance of Probabilities (BoP) — Statement of Principles No. 14 of 2023

33 factors

At least one of the following factors must exist before it can be said that, on the balance of probabilities, thoracolumbar spondylosis or death from thoracolumbar spondylosis is connected with the circumstances of a person's relevant service:

  1. (1)
    having an inflammatory joint disease from the specified list of inflammatory joint diseases, in the thoracolumbar spine before the clinical onset of thoracolumbar spondylosis;

    Note: specified list of inflammatory joint diseases is defined in the Schedule 1 - Dictionary.

  2. (2)
    having non-viral infection of the affected joint, resulting in inflammation within that joint, at least 6 months before the clinical onset of thoracolumbar spondylosis;
  3. (3)
    having an intra-articular fracture of the spine, at the level of, or adjacent to, the affected joint, at least 6 months before the clinical onset of thoracolumbar spondylosis;
  4. (4)
    having a spinal condition from the specified list of spinal conditions, affecting the thoracolumbar spine for at least the 6 months before the clinical onset of thoracolumbar spondylosis;

    Note: specified list of spinal conditions is defined in the Schedule 1 - Dictionary.

  5. (5)
    having undergone a spinal fusion, immediately above or below the affected joint, at least 6 months before the clinical onset of thoracolumbar spondylosis;

    Note: spinal fusion is defined in the Schedule 1 - Dictionary.

  6. (6)
    for lumbar spondylosis only, having leg length inequality for at least the 5 years before the clinical onset of thoracolumbar spondylosis;

    Note: leg length inequality is defined in the Schedule 1 - Dictionary.

  7. (7)
    having a depositional joint disease from the specified list of depositional joint diseases, in the thoracolumbar spine before the clinical onset of thoracolumbar spondylosis;

    Note: specified list of depositional joint diseases is defined in the Schedule 1 - Dictionary.

  8. (8)
    having trauma to the thoracolumbar spine at least 6 months before the clinical onset of thoracolumbar spondylosis, and where the trauma to the thoracolumbar spine occurred within the 20 years before the clinical onset of thoracolumbar spondylosis;

    Note: trauma to the thoracolumbar spine is defined in the Schedule 1 - Dictionary.

  9. (9)
    having a penetrating injury to an intervertebral disc before the clinical onset of thoracolumbar spondylosis at the level of, or adjacent to, the intervertebral disc injury;

    Note: penetrating injury to an intervertebral disc is defined in the Schedule 1 - Dictionary.

  10. (10)
    having a thoracolumbar intervertebral disc prolapse at least 6 months before the clinical onset of thoracolumbar spondylosis at the level of the intervertebral disc prolapse;
  11. (11)
    lifting loads of at least 20 kilograms while bearing the weight through the thoracolumbar spine: (a) to a cumulative total of at least 150,000 kilograms within any 10 year period before the clinical onset of thoracolumbar spondylosis; and (b) where the clinical onset of thoracolumbar spondylosis occurred within the 25 years following that period;
  12. (12)
    carrying loads of at least 20 kilograms while bearing the weight through the thoracolumbar spine: (a) to a cumulative total of at least 3,800 hours within any 10 year period before the clinical onset of thoracolumbar spondylosis; and (b) where the clinical onset of thoracolumbar spondylosis occurred within the 25 years following that period;
  13. (13)
    for lumbar spondylosis only, flying in an engine powered aircraft as operational aircrew, for a cumulative total of at least 2,000 hours within the 25 years before the clinical onset of thoracolumbar spondylosis;
  14. (14)
    being obese for at least 10 years within the 25 years before the clinical onset of thoracolumbar spondylosis;

    Note: being obese is defined in the Schedule 1 - Dictionary.

  15. (15)
    having acromegaly involving the thoracolumbar spine before the clinical onset of thoracolumbar spondylosis;

    Note: acromegaly is defined in the Schedule 1 - Dictionary.

  16. (16)
    having Paget's disease of bone involving the thoracolumbar spine before the clinical onset of thoracolumbar spondylosis;
  17. (17)
    having an inflammatory joint disease from the specified list of inflammatory joint diseases, in the thoracolumbar spine before the clinical worsening of thoracolumbar spondylosis;

    Note: specified list of inflammatory joint diseases is defined in the Schedule 1 - Dictionary.

  18. (18)
    having non-viral infection of the affected joint, resulting in inflammation within that joint, at least 6 months before the clinical worsening of thoracolumbar spondylosis;
  19. (19)
    having an intra-articular fracture of the spine, at the level of, or adjacent to, the affected joint, at least 6 months before the clinical worsening of thoracolumbar spondylosis;
  20. (20)
    having a spinal condition from the specified list of spinal conditions, affecting the thoracolumbar spine for at least the 6 months before the clinical worsening of thoracolumbar spondylosis;

    Note: specified list of spinal conditions is defined in the Schedule 1 - Dictionary.

  21. (21)
    having undergone a spinal fusion, immediately above or below the affected joint, at least 6 months before the clinical worsening of thoracolumbar spondylosis;

    Note: spinal fusion is defined in the Schedule 1 - Dictionary.

  22. (22)
    for lumbar spondylosis only, having leg length inequality for at least the 5 years before the clinical worsening of thoracolumbar spondylosis;

    Note: leg length inequality is defined in the Schedule 1 - Dictionary.

  23. (23)
    having trauma to the thoracolumbar spine at least 6 months before the clinical worsening of thoracolumbar spondylosis, and where the trauma to the thoracolumbar spine occurred within the 20 years before the clinical worsening of thoracolumbar spondylosis;

    Note: trauma to the thoracolumbar spine is defined in the Schedule 1 - Dictionary.

  24. (24)
    having a depositional joint disease from the specified list of depositional joint diseases, in the thoracolumbar spine before the clinical worsening of thoracolumbar spondylosis;

    Note: specified list of depositional joint diseases is defined in the Schedule 1 - Dictionary.

  25. (25)
    having a penetrating injury to an intervertebral disc before the clinical worsening of thoracolumbar spondylosis at the level of, or adjacent to, the intervertebral disc injury;

    Note: penetrating injury to an intervertebral disc is defined in the Schedule 1 - Dictionary.

  26. (26)
    having a thoracolumbar intervertebral disc prolapse at least 6 months before the clinical worsening of thoracolumbar spondylosis at the level of the intervertebral disc prolapse;
  27. (27)
    lifting loads of at least 20 kilograms while bearing the weight through the thoracolumbar spine: (a) to a cumulative total of at least 150,000 kilograms within any 10 year period before the clinical worsening of thoracolumbar spondylosis; and (b) where the clinical worsening of thoracolumbar spondylosis occurred within the 25 years following that period;
  28. (28)
    carrying loads of at least 20 kilograms while bearing the weight through the thoracolumbar spine: (a) to a cumulative total of at least 3,800 hours within any 10 year period before the clinical worsening of thoracolumbar spondylosis; and (b) where the clinical worsening of thoracolumbar spondylosis occurred within the 25 years following that period;
  29. (29)
    for lumbar spondylosis only, flying in an engine powered aircraft as operational aircrew, for a cumulative total of at least 2,000 hours within the 25 years before the clinical worsening of thoracolumbar spondylosis;
  30. (30)
    being obese for at least 10 years within the 25 years before the clinical worsening of thoracolumbar spondylosis;

    Note: being obese is defined in the Schedule 1 - Dictionary.

  31. (31)
    having acromegaly involving the thoracolumbar spine before the clinical worsening of thoracolumbar spondylosis;

    Note: acromegaly is defined in the Schedule 1 - Dictionary.

  32. (32)
    having Paget's disease of bone involving the thoracolumbar spine before the clinical worsening of thoracolumbar spondylosis;
  33. (33)
    inability to obtain appropriate clinical management for thoracolumbar spondylosis;

A VHC Diagnostic Assessment addresses each of these factors one by one against your service record and clinical history. See how a VHC DVA claim works, see all fees ($600 + GST per stage) or book an appointment.

Accepted — what is it worth?

A Statement of Principles decides one thing only: whether DVA accepts liability for thoracolumbar spondylosis. It says nothing about how much you are paid. Compensation is worked out separately, from impairment points under the GARP — so a condition can be accepted and still rate few points, or rate more than you expect once it is combined with everything else on your file.

Presumptive liability · from 1 July 2026

Thoracolumbar spondylosis (also known as thoracic and lumbar spondylosis) may be accepted without proving the link to service

Thoracolumbar spondylosis (also known as thoracic and lumbar spondylosis) is listed in Part 2 of the determination as attributable to defence service, provided the criteria below are met.

  • Qualifying service: Peacetime service: for more than 200 days; and excluding the first 200 days of peacetime service.
    Onset: during the qualifying service, or within 25 years after the last day of that service.
  • Qualifying service: Warlike or non-warlike service: for more than 133 days; and excluding the first 133 days of warlike or non-warlike service.

A diagnosis is still required, and the presumption may not apply where there is clear evidence of a cause other than service. "Onset" means when an injury was sustained, or when all the signs and symptoms of a disease were first present — not the date of diagnosis. Applies to claims made on or after 1 July 2026.

How presumptive liability works →

Part of DVA Claims — Back & neck — every Statement of Principles covering the back and neck.

Others in this area:

Dr Thomas Perkins, Veterans Health Centre

Reviewed by Dr Thomas Perkins

Founding doctor, Veterans Health Centre · former RAAF aviation medical officer · 13 years working exclusively with ADF members and veterans. Full profile →